In recent years, lots of research has been done on effective usage of natural gas; the first step in these processes is conversion of natural gas to Syngas. Natural gas reforming process by refomer FURNACE is commonly used for syngas and hydrogen production. In this paper, windows based software, RIPI-RefSim, is introduced. By using proper heat, mass, kinetic and thermodynamic models as well as effect of catalyst shape, the software has been developed for the reformer FURNACE simulation for syngas and hydrogen production. RIPI-RefSim could be used in three different modes (Rating, Simulation and Design) and provides user a detailed understanding of FURNACE performance, product characteristics, temperature, reaction rates and pressure drop profiles, heat loss, effect of catalyst shape, and etc.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the thermal condition of FURNACE WALL and oxidant structure on NOx emission and thermal conditions inside the non-premixed combustion FURNACE. For this purpose, non-premixed combustion FURNACE simulations have been performed using OpenFOAM software. Standard k-ε turbulence model, modified eddy dissipation concept combustion model, and discrete ordinates radiation model are used in numerical simulations. In order to analyze the results of numerical simulations, chemical calculations using a well stirred reactor have also been considered. According to the results, increasing the FURNACE WALL temperature to reach thermal insulation conditions leads to a significant increase in the average and maximum temperature inside the combustion chamber and transfers the combustion regime from flameless to high temperature. In addition, the replacement of carbon dioxide with nitrogen will be accompanied by a decrease in the combustion temperature due to physical and chemical differences between the two species. According to the results, increasing the WALL temperature, despite reducing the heat loss, leads to an increase in NOx in the high temperature combustion regime. The use of carbon dioxide instead of nitrogen in an oxidizer can be considered as a way to reduce heat loss while reducing NOx emission from the non-premixed combustion FURNACE.

This study was carried out to identify the best required time for stratification along with the optimum time and generation power test of seeds. The treatments include 22 different periods of stratification from 10 to 32 days. The experiment was done as completely random design blocks with four replicate with 30 seeds within each block. The Ending time of stratification period was the same for all treatments. The percentage of rotten seeds, seed germination and rootlet length were measured, and then the obtained data were analyzed statistically. The results indicated that Chilgoza seeds incubated in temperature of 4°C for 33 days could germinate 38%. While the seeds with less than 16 days has no germination power. In general, this study suggests the period of 23-30 days as the best time for stratifying Chilgoza seeds.

In previous studies on the use of steel slag in asphalt mixtures, no comparison has been made between different types of slags produced in steel factories in Iran. In this research, in order to evaluate the mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures containing different amounts of steel slag and to compare their effects on mixture behaviors, two types of slags – BOF and EAF – were replaced with 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent of coarse part of aggregates. After characterization of limestone aggregates and steel slags using X-ray fluorescence equipment (XRF) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), Marshall mix design method was used to determine the optimum bitumen content. Moreover, the mechanical properties of mixtures using resilient modulus testing at different temperatures and indirect tensile strength testing in both dry and saturated conditions were evaluated. The results showed that the use of steel slag in asphalt mixtures could result in a significant improvement of asphalt mixture properties. Furthermore, moisture sensitivity of mixtures containing steel slags was less than the control mixture.

This paper analyzes how feasible it is to use electric arc FURNACE slag as coarse aggregate, and blast FURNACE dust as fine aggregate in the manufacture of hot asphalt concrete for roads. Three mixtures were designed using the Ramcodes methodology, the M1 mixture of control with conventional materials, the M2 mixture replacing 50% and the M3 mixture replacing 100% of the conventional aggregates, which were submitted to tests to evaluate the susceptibility to moisture damage and plastic deformation, as well as others to determine the resilient modulus and the fatigue laws for each type of mixture. The mixtures with EAF and BFD presented better mechanical characteristics than the mixture with natural aggregates, met the acceptance requirements and the results of the performance tests are within the required requirements.

Voltage flicker and harmonics are the power quality problems which are introduced to the power system as a result of behavior of the arc FURNACE operation.To analyze harmonic and flicker generated by an arc FURNACE, accurate arc FURNACE models are needed. In this paper, different arc FURNACE models with different level of complexity are reviewed.In the first part of this paper a new developed time domain static model based on a piece-wise linear approximation of the V-I characteristics of the arc FURNACE is presented.In the second part of the paper, dynamic model for an arc FURNACE using MATLAB (Simulink) is presented. In addition to this, the novelty of this simulation technique lies in the fact that the variation of power transmitted to the load by the arc FURNACE during the cycle of operation is considered, thus making the proposed model more accurate and dependent on the operating conditions of the load.Finally recommendations are made for the application of some of these models and the accuracy of the presented model to other models from the practical point of view by using MATLAB is shown.

Tabriz marl soil are Lake Carbonated sediments. The percentage of organic matter in this soil is less than 6%; and does not fit into the classification of organic soils. The carbonate content of this soil is from 10 to 35%. The classification of this soil is mostly CH and in some cases MH (Mahouti and Katabi, 1397). Dredged soil is not much different from conventional fine-grained soil and can be used in a variety of applications with stabilization. Due to poor geotechnical properties; they are stabilized for use in dredging materials in engineering applications (Chan and Shahri, 2016). To stabilize the soil; Stable stabilizers (such as steel slag and industrial waste) have been proposed to replace cement. In the meantime, the environmental compatibility (safety in terms of pH and harmful substances, such as heavy metals and toxic substances) of BOF slag (as soil stabilizer and filler) has been confirmed. Therefore, the use of steel slag; In addition to reducing project costs and environmental problems caused by lime and cement production (reducing CO2 emissions and energy consumption), it does not pollute the environment and eliminates the problem of accumulation of by-products of the industry (Proctor et al., 2000; Motz and Geiseler, 2001; Kang et al., 2019).